JONATHAN LOVES DAVID & SAUL FEARS DAVID

I Samuel 18:1-16

Victor M. Eskew

 

1.      Outline:

 

i.                    DAVID IN SAUL’S HOUSE (I Sam. 18:1-5)

ii.                  DAVID GET’S WOMEN’S HONOR (I Sam. 18:6-9)

iii.                DAVID RECEIVES SAUL’S HATRED (I Sam. 18:10-12)

iv.                DAVID EARNS ISRAEL’S HOMAGE (I Sam. 18:13-16)

 

2.      After David spoke with Saul, whose soul was knit with the soul of David? (I Sam. 18:1)

 

And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David…

 

A.    Jonathan

 

B.      Remember:  Jonathan is the son of king Saul

 

3.      Define:  knit (I Sam. 18:1)

 

A.    Strong (7194:  to tie…mentally (love, in league)            :- bind up, join together

 

B.      BDB:  to bind, tie, bind together, league together, to bind fast

 

C.     This was the same type of love that Jacob had for his son Benjamin (Gen. 44:30).

 

Now therefore when I come to thy servant my father, and the lad be not with us; seeing that his life is bound up in the lad’s life.

 

D.    "Friendship is an entire sameness, and one soul. A friend is another self."

 

4.      How did Jonathan love David? (I Sam. 18:1)

 

…and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

 

A.    As his own soul

 

5.      T – F    Saul took David and would not let him go to his father’s house (I Sam. 18:2)

 

And Saul took him that day, and would let him go no more home to his father’s house.

 

A.    True

 

6.      What did Jonathan and David make together because Jonathan loved him? (I Sam. 18:3)

 

Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

 

A.    Covenant

 

7.      Define:  covenant (I Sam. 18:3)

A.    Strong (1285):  a cutting, a compact

 

B.      BDB:  a covenant, alliance, pledge

 

8.      What five things did Jonathan give to David? ( Sam. 18:4)

 

And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle.

 

A.    Robe

 

B.      Garments

 

C.     Sword

 

D.    Bow

 

E.      Girdle

 

F.      NOTE:

1.      Clothes were frequently traded as pledges of friendship.

2.      Weapons were traded by warriors as tokens of friendship.

 

9.      When Saul sent David out, how did David behave? (I Sam. 18:5)

 

And David went out whithersoever Saul sent him, and behaved himself wisely…

 

A.    He behaved himself wisely.

 

B.      Definition:  wisely

1.      Strong (7919):  to be circumspect, and hence intelligent

2.      BDB:  prudent, have insight, circumspect, consider, ponder, give attention to, have comprehension

 

10.  What did Saul set David over? (I Sam. 18:5)

 

…and Saul set him over the men of war…

 

A.    The men of war

 

B.      Saul had been gathering all of the valiant men of Israel to be his army (See I Sam. 13:2; 14:52).

 

C.     David would have been considered the “field marshal.”

 

11.  What two groups accepted David? (I Sam. 18:5)

 

…and he was accepted in the sight of all the people, and also in the sight of Saul’s servants.

 

A.    All the people

B.      Saul’s servants

 

12.  When David and Saul returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, who came out to meet them? (I Sam. 18:6)

 

And it came to pass as they came, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, that the women came out of all cities of Israel…

 

A.    Women came out of all cities of Israel

 

B.      Sometimes there were special groups of women who were formed to celebrate victories and mourn at funerals, etc.

 

13.  T – F    They met Saul and David with sorrow and crying and tears. (I Sam. 18:6)

 

…singing and dancing, to meet king Saul, with tabrets, with joy, and with instruments of music.

 

A.    False

B.      Clarke:  “The original word (שלשים shalishim) signifies instruments with three strings; and is, I think, properly translated by the Vulgate, cum sistris, “with sistrums.” This instrument is well known as being used among the ancient Egyptians: it was made of brass, and had three, sometimes more, brass rods across; which, being loose in their holes, made a jingling noise when the instrument was shaken” (e-sword).

 

14.  “And the women answered one another as they played, and said, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands” (I Sam. 18:7)

 

A.    The statement made by the women was a hyperbole, an extended exaggeration. 

 

B.      Their words indicate how important David’s victory against Goliath was felt to be in the nation of Israel.  He had posed a real threat to the entirety of the kingdom.  David’s victory was a great relief to the people.

 

15.  How did Saul respond to the saying of the women? (I Sam. 18:8)

 

And Saul was very wroth, and the saying displeased him…

 

A.    Saul was wroth and the saying displeased him.

 

16.  Define:  wroth (I Sam. 18:8)

 

A.    Strong (2734):  to glow, warm, to blaze up, of anger…jealousy

 

B.      BDB:  to be hot, furious, burn, become angry, be kindled

 

17.  Define:  displeased (I Sam. 18:8)

 

A.    Strong (3415):  to be broken up, fear

 

B.      BDB: to tremble, quiver

 

C.     “It was the refrain of the women’s ode of victory that opened Saul’s soul to the envenomed dart of jealousy” (e-sword, Meyer).

 

18.  What did Saul think David would desire after hearing this? (I Sam. 18:8)

 

…and said, they have ascribed unto David ten thousands, and to me they have ascribe but thousands:  and what can he have more but the kingdom?

 

A.    He assumed that David would aspire to have the kingdom for himself.

 

B.      One commentator took the words of the women to be just another mark of Saul’s rejection by God.

 

C.     LESSON: Saul would have been wise to have lifted David up before the people.

1.      He would have shown his humility. 

2.      David’s heart was not one of rebellion.  He was a loyal servant.  Saul could have had a wonderful relationship with this man as well has having a very loyal captain of his forces.

 

19.  “And Saul eyed David from that day forward” (I Sam. 18:9).

 

A.    Definition: 

1.      Strong (5770):  to look at (with jealousy)

2.      BDB:  to eye, to look at

 

B.      He probably assigned certain men to watch David and report back to him. 

 

C.     Meyer:  “He eyed David from that day,” not with affectionate admiration, but always with desire to place a malicious construction on every act and word and look” (e-sword).

 

D.    LESSON:  When we allow others to make us jealous and angry, when they become our enemies, they consume us.  Our minds are jailed up and consumed with the individual.

 

20.  The day after returning from battle, what came upon Saul? (I Sam. 18:10)

 

And it came to pass on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul…

 

A.    The evil spirit

 

21.  What did Saul do in the midst of the house? (I Sam. 18:10)

 

…and he prophesied in the midst of the house…

 

A.    See I Kings 22:22

 

And the Lord said unto him, Wherewith?  And he said, I will go forth, and I will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets….

 

B.      Some believe that the evil spirit and the prophesying are not related.  Saul was either feigning to prophesy or he was involved in some type of personal devotion in the house.

 

22.  What did David do at this time? (I Sam. 18:10)

 

…and David played with his hand, as at other times…

 

A.    David played the harp in order to help calm Saul from the evil spirit.

 

23.  What was in Saul’s hand? (I Sam. 18:10)

 

…and there was a javelin in Saul’s hand.

 

A.    A javelin

 

B.      Definition:

1.      Strong (2595):  a lance (for thrusting)

2.      BDB:  a spear

 

24.  What did Saul do with the javelin? (I Sam. 18:11)

 

And Saul cast the javelin; for he said, I will smite David even to the wall with it…

 

A.    He cast the javelin at David.

 

B.      LESSON:  Saul is more than just jealous.  His heart is filled with envy.

1.      His envy will lead him to take away anything David possessed including his life.

2.      Proverbs 27:4

 

Wrath is cruel, and anger is outrageous; but who is able to stand before envy?

 

25.  How many times did he try to kill David? (I Sam. 18:11)

 

And David avoided out of his presence twice.

 

A.    He did not attempt to kill David just once, but twice.

 

B.      It may have been very quick.  Two throws one after another.

There could have been time between each throw.  David left, came back and had to leave again.

It could have been two thrusts that he made with the javelin instead of releasing it into the air.

 

26.  Why was Saul afraid of David? (I Sam. 18:12)

 

And Saul was afraid of David, because the Lord was with him, and was departed from Saul.

 

A.    Saul was afraid of David because the Lord was with him.

 

B.      There was plenty of evidence for both thoughts that Saul had.

1.      God was with David.

2.      God had departed from Saul.

a.   The words of Samuel

b.   No answer from the Lord

c.   Victory, not from Saul’s hand, but by the hand of David.

d.   The words of the women

 

 

 

27.  What position did Saul give to David? (I Sam. 18:13)

 

Therefore Saul removed him from him, and made him his captain over a thousand; and he went out and came in before the people.

 

A.    Captain over a thousand

 

28.  Why did he give David this position? (I Sam. 18:13)

 

A.    To remove David from his presence

 

B.      The sight of David made Saul fearful, angry, and envious.  “Out of sight; out of mind.”

 

29.  “And David behaved himself wisely in all his ways; and the Lord was with him” (I Sam. 18:14).

 

30.  How did Saul react when he saw David behaved himself wisely? (I Sam. 18:15)

 

Wherefore when Saul saw that he behaved himself very wisely, he was afraid of him.

 

A.    He was afraid.

 

B.      Those in power are always fearful of losing their positions. 

1.      They love the power.

2.      They love the wealth.

3.      They love the prestige.

 

31.  Who loved David “because he went out and came in before them” (I Sam. 18:16)

 

But all Israel and Judah loved David, because he went out and came in before them.

 

A.    Both Israel and Judah love David

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SAUL USES HIS DAUGHTERS AGAINST DAVID

I Samuel 18:17-30

Homework

Victor M. Eskew

 

1.      Outline:

 

v.                  I Samuel 18:17-19

vi.                I Samuel 18:20-21

vii.              I Samuel 18:22-23

viii.            I Samuel 18:24-27

ix.                I Samuel 18:28-29

x.                  I Samuel 18:30

 

2.      Which daughter was Saul going to give David at first? (I Sam. 18:17)

 

 

3.      What did Saul urge David to do for him? (I Sam. 18:17)

 

 

4.      Why did Saul want David to fight his battles? (I Sam. 18:17)

 

 

5.      What three statements did David make with regard to his becoming the king’s son-in-law? (I Sam. 18:18).

 

A.

 

B.

 

C.

 

6.      To whom was Merib given instead of David? (I Sam. 18:19)

 

7.      What do we know about Adriel? ( Sam. 18:19)

 

 

8.      Which other daughter loved David? (I Sam. 18:20)

 

 

9.      T- F      When Saul learned that Michal loved David, it displeased him. (I Sam. 18:20)

 

10.  Why did Saul want to give Michal to David? (I Sam. 18:21)

 

11.  Who did Saul get to talk to David about becoming the king’s son-in-law? (I Sam. 18:22)

 

12.  What were they instructed to say to David? (I Sam. 18:22)

 

 

13.  Why was David so reluctant to become the son-in-law of the king? (I Sam. 18:23)

 

 

14.  T – F    The servants reported David’s words to the king (I Sam. 18:24).

 

15.  Define:  dowry (I Sam. 18:25)

 

 

16.  Instead of a dowry, what did Saul require of David for his daughter’s hand in marriage? (I Sam. 18:25)

 

 

17.  What did Saul hope would happen to David in the process? (I Sam. 18:25)

 

18.  T – F    David was pleased when he heard the king’s words. (I Sam. 18:26)

 

19.  What is the meaning of the phrase, “and the days were not expired” (I Sam. 18:26)

 

 

 

20.  How many foreskins did David bring to the king? (I Sam. 18:27)

 

 

21.  T – F    Saul refused to give Michal to David as his wife. (I Sam. 18:27)

 

 

22.  What two things did Saul know about David? (I Sam. 18:28)

 

A.

 

B.

 

23.  “And Saul was yet the _______________  ________________ of David…” (I Sam. 18:29)

 

24.  What did Saul become to David? (I Sam. 18:29)

 

 

25.  What do the words, “the princes of the Philistines went forth,” and “David behaved himself more wisely” have to do with one another? (I Sam. 18:30)

 

26.  T – F    David behaved himself more wisely than all of the servants of Saul. (I Sam. 18:30)

 

27.  What happened to David’s name because of his wise behavior? (I Sam. 18:30)